References

References

  1. Bellandi, M. “External economies and local public goods in clusters and industrial districts: Some views”, 6th International EUNIP CONFERENCE, Turku, Finland, 5–7 December, 2002.
  2. Ittyerah, A. C, Evaluation Study of Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme. Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi, 2009.
  3. Ketels, C. H. M. The Development of the cluster concept – present experiences and further developments. NRW conference on clusters, Duisburg, Germany, 5 Dec 2003, 2003.
  4. Oxford Research A.S. Cluster Policy in Europe. A brief summary of cluster policies in 31 European countries. Kristiansand, Norway, 2008.
  5. Porter, M. E. “Location, competition and economic development: local clusters in a global economy”, Economic Development Quarterly 14(1), 15–34, 2000.
  6. Report of the Western Ghats Ecology Panel. Prepared by Gadgil M et al. and submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, 2011.
  7. Schmitz, H, Collective efficiency and increasing returns. IDS Working Paper 50, 1997.
  8. UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization). Cluster Development for Pro-poor Growth. Business, Investment and Technology Services Branch Technical Paper Series. Programme Development and Technical Cooperation Division, UNIDO, Vienna, 2010.



Figure 1: Cluster-based developmental approaches for Uttara Kannada district

Figure 2.1: Clusters for taluks in the Coastal agro-climatic zone



Agro-climatic Zone: Coast

ANKOLA

Clusters

Activities


Biopesticides, food products, gem and jewellery, readymade garments; training centre for fashion technology; watermelon cultivation; fish products; home stays; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; tour operators


Beekeeping and bee-nurseries; VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, home for elderly; medicinal plants cultivation & processing; watermelon cultivation; mango pulp; mango nursery; incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; VFC-managed health tourism; Motigudda home stays and tree houses; mango pulp; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, rewards and/or incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; sericulture


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; nursery for forestry, avenue trees; herbal toilet soaps; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, rewards and/or incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; sericulture

Bhatkal

Clusters

Activities


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, home for elderly; vegetable dyes, readymade garments; jasmine cultivation, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; tour operators



VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; biopesticides and bio-fertilizers; VFC/individuals managed home stay tourism, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; medicinal plants cultivation and processing; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping and bee nurseries; livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; herbal toilet soaps, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; VFC-managed home stay tourism

imagesKumta

Clusters

Activities


Vegetable dyes; Coconut products (virgin coconut oil; purified oil; spray-dried coconut milk powder, desiccated coconut, coconut vinegar), hand-made paper; cloth and paper bags; wood carving; metal inlaid wood carving; training centre for handicrafts; jewellery development and training centre; organic lime industry; Alvekodi onion expansion and storage, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; tour operators


Dry fish, marine algae products; coastal home stay tourism; training in tourism management; training in making palm-bamboo cottages; training in stone carving; Pandanus leaf products; Integrated, participatory planning and management of Aghanashini estuary; bio-shielding and turtle conservation programmes; bivalve processing and canning; Aghanashini Biodiversity Heritage site management; bivalve shell mining to be reviewed; sand mining to sustainable limits, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Vegetable dyes; home stay tourism; iodized salt, confectionery, bakery; bakery training centre for women; beekeeping; training centre for beekeeping; arts and handicrafts museum and trade centre; sale of organic products; certified organic eateries, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; tour operators


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, home for elderly; cloth and paper carry bags; mangrove study tourism, bird watching and sport fishing; estuary interpretation centre, VFC-run estuarine holiday home; fish breeding area cum mangrove conservation (VFC-managed); mangrove diversity area (various mangrove species and associates to be grown); estuarine crab fattening area; integrated, participatory planning and management of Aghanashini estuary; sand mining to sustainable limits, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; sericulture


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; poultry, poultry feed, powdered eggs, vegetable dyes, kokum products, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; sericulture


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, vegetable dyes, medicinal plants cultivation and processing; pickles from wild berries etc; cane and palm leaf products; VFC-managed holiday home palm houses; Yana trekking and bird watching; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition

Honnavar

Clusters

Activities


VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; organic products certification; honey testing lab; medicinal plants cultivation & processing; organic coconut hair oil; coconut oil natural soap; Calophyllum inophyllum cultivation and biodiesel; wood carving; metal inlaid wood crafts, incentives to certified organic farmers; tour operators


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, dry fish, home stay tourism; academy for Yakshagana and performing arts; Calophyllum inophyllum cultivation, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; cloth and paper bags


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; cattle feed; coir products; training centre for coir products; backwater tours in native crafts; river front home stays, incentives for rare traditional cultivars; incentives for certified organic farmers



Coastal home stay tourism; training in making palm-bamboo cottages; Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; Calophyllum inophyllum cultivation, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives for certified organic farmers;



Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; woodland holiday homes of bamboo and palms; trekking trail to Govardhanagiri (Kanur fort) and bird watching; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives for certified organic farmers; areca-spathe products



Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; cane and palm leaf products; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives for certified organic farmers


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; medicinal plants cultivation & processing, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives for certified organic farmers

Karwar images

Clusters

Activities


IT-related development; vegetable dyes; medicinal plants cultivation & processing; gems and jewellery, ornament designing centre, Tulsi cultivation and extracts; integrated participatory management of Kali estuary; tour operators


Dry fish; coastal home stay tourism; training in making palm cottages; medicinal plants cultivation; Noni cultivation; Tulsi cultivation and extracts; integrated participatory management of Kali estuary; cloth and paper bags; turtle conservation


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, home for elderly; coir products; backwater tours in native crafts; river front home stays; integrated participatory management of Kali estuary, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives for certified organic farmers


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; medicinal plants cultivation & processing; coir products; hospital services; integrated participatory management of Kali estuary, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives for certified organic farmers


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives for certified organic farmers; sericulture


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives for certified organic farmers; areca-spathe products; sericulture

Figure 2.2: Clusters for taluks in the hilly agro-climatic zone



Siddapur

Clusters

Activities


VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture, home for elderly; organic products certification; microwave assisted hot air and vacuum drying of food & spices, ayurvedic medicines; sun-dried fruits and vegetables; training centre for beekeeping and honey testing lab, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; tour operators


Beekeeping and bee nurseries; livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; vegetable dyes; palm sugar; aromatic plants and essential oil distillation; orchids and cut flowers, indoor plants, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; cloth and paper bags


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; medicinal plants cultivation & processing; handmade paper products; palm sugar; aromatic plants and essential oil distillation; wild mango pickles; orchids and cut flowers, indoor plants; home-made organic chocolates; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; VFC/individual managed home stay tourism


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; vegetable dyes; fruits and vegetables preservation; wild mango pickles; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; indoor plants and orchids; medicinal plants cultivation and processing; organic village home stay tourism; handmade paper products; palm sugar; wild mango pickles; home-made organic chocolates; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition

images Supa (Joida)

Clusters

Activities


Beekeeping, Fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; vegetable dyes; handmade paper; cloth and paper bags; sports goods-making; leather products; computer training centre; weaving with palm leaves, cane and bamboo works; training in making bamboo products; Pandanus leaf products; trekking and bird watching to Sintheri Rocks and Kavala caves, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; tour operators


Beekeeping, organic and forest honey sales, medicinal plants cultivation and processing; VFC-managed home stay tourism; wildlife tourism Anshi National park; Ulavi pilgrimage; tourist cottages in Ulavi; training in tourism management; VFC-managed holiday home bamboo cottages; pickles from wild berries; Tulsi cultivation and extracts; bamboo mat painting; incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; water-sports training; VFC-managed home stay tourism in forest villages; holiday home bamboo cottages; monsoon trail to Dudhsagar Falls; aromatic plants and essential oil distillation; orchids and cut flowers; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; vegetable dyes; nursery for forestry and avenue trees; bamboo products; orchids and cut flowers; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; VFC/individual managed holiday homes

Yellapur

Clusters

Activities


Beekeeping, training centre for beekeeping; forest honey; honey testing lab; livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, home for elderly; handloom units; VFC/individual run home stay tourism; holiday home bamboo-palm cottages; training in making bamboo-palm cottages; Pongamia plantations and biodiesel unit, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; tour operators


Beekeeping, fish farming, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; vegetable dyes; bamboo products; Pongamia plantations; aromatic plants and essential oil distillation, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; cloth and paper bags


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; Pongamia plantations; desiccated banana, jackfruit, papaya etc., incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping and honey certification; livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; medicinal plants cultivation & processing; home stay tourism; orchids and cut flowers; home-made organic chocolates; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition

images Sirsi

Clusters

Activities


IT-related activities, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, fish farming, home for elderly; vegetable dyes, food products; entrepreneur development institutes; incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; tour operators


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; mulberry nursery; sericulture training institutes; home stay tourism; hybrid seeds, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; hybrid seeds, incentives for rare traditional cultivars; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; aromatic plants and essential oil distillation; medicinal plants and processing units; home-made organic chocolates, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition



Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers, incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; cloth and paper bags


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; medicinal plant cultivation and processing; holiday home woodland cottages; orchids and cut flowers; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations; vegetable dyes; orchids and cut flowers; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; areca products

Figure 2.3: Clusters for taluks in the plains agro-climatic zone

imagesHaliiyal

Clusters

Activities


Beekeeping, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, sericulture, home for elderly; vegetable dyes; medicinal plants cultivation and processing; bamboo products; Tulsi cultivation and extracts; hybrid seeds, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, sericulture; vegetable dyes; handmade paper products; home stay tourism; bamboo products; Pongamia plantations, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; VFC/individual managed home-stay tourism; training in making bamboo cottages


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, sericulture; Pongamia and neem plantations; biodiesel and bio-pesticides; tamarind plantations and products; poultry; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, sericulture; mulberry nursery; Pongamia and neem plantations; bio-pesticides and biodiesel; purified neem oil; hybrid seeds; poultry, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, sericulture; poultry feed; Pongamia and neem plantations; biodiesel and bio-pesticides; bio-fertilizers; purified neem oil; hybrid seeds; poultry and powdered eggs; tamarind products, tamarind nursery, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; tour operators

imagesMundgod

Clusters

Activities


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; CFTRI-based ragi products; organic tomato sauce, poultry, powdered eggs; training institute for handloom and wool-weaving; mango pulp; home stay (linked to mainly Tibetan colony visits), incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture, poultry, tamarind farms and tamarind products (concentrates etc.); mango pulp, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; training in making bamboo cottages


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; vegetable dyes; tamarind farms and tamarind products (concentrates etc.), incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition; cloth and paper bags


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; vegetable dyes; mint cultivation & encapsulation; hybrid seeds, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives to certified organic farmers; incentives for community/private sacred groves in good condition


Beekeeping, fish farming, livestock and dairying, gobar gas, VFC/panchayat FHM plantations, sericulture; medicinal plants cultivation & processing; hybrid seeds; hospital services, incentives for rare traditional cultivars, incentives for certified organic farmers